After the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS) outbreak swept S.Korea in 2015, Korean government and relevant departments and institutes provided various countermeasures to prevent and control the outbreaks of infectious disease. Because the MERS pathogen is transmitted by air, those measures has been likely to focus on enhancing the Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning(HVAC) system performance and on preparing adequate negative pressure units, including improvement of the human resource management and control program. Successful prevention and control of Healthcare Associated Infections(HAI) in S.Korea would not be delivered, however, only by those measures because the Tuberculosis Bacilli(TB) infection or Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA) infection could be more dangerous for Korean society, and because those pathogens are transmitted by direct/indirect touch or by droplet. Those countermeasures such as negative pressure units preparation, HVAC system enhancement, and human resource management improvement also have limitations in successful prevention and control of HAI in S.Korea due to Koreans’ peculiar culture in using healthcare facilities(e.g., voluntary, sometimes obligatory, visiting his/her family or friend who is sick, preference for visiting a general hospital than a clinic as his/her initial medical examination, and so on).